133 clinical sources across 18 actives. Randomized trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews where the evidence is strong — and transparent callouts where it isn't.
How to read this page. Each study carries a design badge — RCT, MA (meta-analysis), SR (systematic review), Pilot, MECH (mechanism / preclinical), OBS (observational), REG (regulatory), PK (pharmacokinetic), Review. Higher-tier evidence is darker; lower-tier is grey. Use the pills below to jump to an active. Click any study to read the source.
HIPAA
Bremelanotide's FDA approval is for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women — not for erectile dysfunction. The ED evidence base in men is Phase 2 (not Phase 3 / approved). We include it in our combination formulas because the mechanism — central arousal signal via MC4R — complements the vascular mechanism of PDE5 inhibitors, and because Phase 2 data in sildenafil-nonresponders is promising. But we won't claim FDA approval for ED, because it doesn't exist yet. That's why it's prescription-only and compounded under provider review.
Sublingual apomorphine (Uprima / Ixense) was approved in the EU and withdrawn from most markets in the mid-2000s — primarily due to nausea/emesis rates at effective doses, not safety signals in the cardiovascular sense. It was never approved in the US. We include it at sub-emetic 2 mg / 4 mg doses in Ignite formulas under provider Rx review, paired with PDE5 inhibitors so the central-arousal benefit doesn't have to come from apomorphine alone. Read the RCT literature below with this context.
Most published L-citrulline RCTs use 1.5–10 g per day. Our Boost formula uses 50 mg — roughly 30–200× lower than the clinical trial doses. The studies below describe what L-citrulline can do at clinically studied doses. Our formula does not deliver those doses. In Boost, L-citrulline is a nitric-oxide cofactor addition; the erectile-function work is done by tadalafil, not L-citrulline at this level.
The NHANES ED observation is observational, not randomized. A Mendelian randomization analysis found no confirmed causal link between caffeine intake and ED. We include caffeine in Boost because it's a proven ergogenic and cognitive stimulant — not because it treats ED. The ED claim in Boost belongs to tadalafil.
(1) Dose. Most published NMN RCTs use 250–900 mg. Our Cruise Control dose is 50 mg — roughly 5–18× lower than clinical trial doses. The studies below describe what NMN can do at clinically studied doses. Our formula does not deliver those doses. At 50 mg, NMN is a mechanism-of-action inclusion (NAD+ precursor support), not efficacy-equivalent to published trials. (2) Regulatory status. As of 2022, the FDA has taken the position that NMN is excluded from the "dietary supplement" definition because it is being investigated as a drug. Inclusion in our formula is under provider Rx review.
Most Tier-1 human evidence for NAD+ uses oral precursors (nicotinamide riboside / NR, NMN) showing reliable blood NAD+ elevation. Direct NAD+ delivery via injection, intranasal, or transdermal patch has far less RCT evidence — mostly pilot studies and retrospective tolerability reports. The precursor mechanism and clinical outcomes are well-characterized; the direct-delivery products are positioned as compounded alternatives, with the caveat that head-to-head efficacy vs precursors has not been established.
GHK-Cu has robust mechanistic evidence — in vitro (fibroblast glycosaminoglycan synthesis), animal models (wound healing, connective tissue accumulation), and gene-modulation analyses. What it does not have is large, modern, human RCT evidence for the specific claim of "transdermal 10 mg patch improves outcome X." We include GHK-Cu in our patches for the well-characterized mechanism and because the peptide has a long, benign safety record in topical use. We are not claiming it alone reverses aging, regrows hair, or remodels skin at a population level — those would require trials that haven't been run at this dose or delivery form. Read the citations below with that frame.
There are no large Tier-1 RCTs proving that MIC ("lipotropic") injections produce weight loss as a standalone intervention. This is a well-known evidence gap. Individual components (methionine, inositol, choline) have endpoint-specific evidence — liver function, lipid metabolism, homocysteine — but the combination injection has been used clinically far longer than it has been studied rigorously. We prescribe Lipolean for energy support and metabolic cofactor repletion, not as a standalone weight-loss therapy. The studies below cover individual methionine endpoints.
Most Tier-1 Vitamin D RCTs use 1,000–5,000 IU daily. Our Epiq Chew dose is 200 IU — roughly 5–25× lower than the doses in the trials cited below. At 200 IU, Vitamin D3 in Epiq Chew should be understood as a K2 cofactor pairing (K2 routes calcium; D3 supports its absorption), not as a therapeutic or deficiency-replacement dose. The studies below describe what Vitamin D3 can do at clinically studied doses — our formula does not deliver those doses. If your 25(OH)D is low, ask your provider about a dedicated vitamin-D protocol.
